BMW N20 and N26 Four Cylinder Turbocharged Engines

 Chronology

In the year 2011/12, BMW N20 introduced a radical change in the sense that they replaced their well-loved straight six engines with a selection of turbos with four cylinders. This was driven by tighter emissions regulations and the desire to provide better fuel efficiency. The decision remains controversial and the only one models available were that of the 3.0 turbo N55.

In its first version in 2011, the N20 was available with the 320i 2.0 turbo, and its version 328i 2.0 with a larger turbo. Traditionalists, like myself, weren't overly satisfied with the latter. There's a very small price difference between the two models since there's little difference in engineering. The main reasons that buyers choose for the less expensive variant in UK include a lower annual road taxes due to less emissions, lower policies, more economical, and tax on company cars.

In 2013, a 1600cc model was in development to drive the F10 520i. As of the time of writing, all other models utilize the two-litre N20, but there are different tuning levels for the various Z4, Three, X1, and one series.

Power figures must take a pinch of salt, or three, in particular when it comes to used cars. The efficiency of the engine and turbo depends on how it's been taken care of and used. If the engine has accumulated a lot of carbon deposits at the back of the valves, the power is likely to be reduced a amount. In any of the turbo engines, there's a difference in the state of tune compared to the factory and also for local markets. Additionally, a significant majority of owners will need their cars rebuilt to increase output.

The N26 was designed for the markets that required a super low-emissions N20. It features like the use of all-metal fuel pipes instead of rubber, and additional engine sensors.

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Design

In many ways the N20 is about two-thirds of the six-cylinder N55. The current BMW concept is three 6 and 4 engine cylinders with 500cc each cylinder. This is the place where the N20 is located. BMW believes that cars weighing less than 1300kg should be equipped with three cylinders, the N13 and above which is it's the N20 and for bigger or high-performance models, the six.

The turbo is twin-scroll, this is the reason you will see "Twin Power" on the engine's cover for the acoustic. Twin scroll turbos feature two sets of intakes and nozzles. A small sharply angled one that allows for quick reaction to minimize turbo lag. The other is a smaller angled one that is designed for more boost production. This is similar to the way they attempted to go with the turbos with variable incidence. Two exhausts from the cylinder are fed into each turbo nozzle section.

Like you'd imagine, the engine was Valvetronic and has double VANOS. It is powered by Bosch Direct Gas Injection (GDI) as well as an extremely high pressure (200 bars) fuel pump, which is driven by an exhaust camshaft. It features an automatic stop and start as well as an electric coolant pump in the context of BMW's Efficient Dynamics measures.

The block is made of aluminum and features iron cylinder liners that are made with the thin film deposition technique. The engine has a robust cast crankshaft that is forged and has the four weights for balance. To reduce friction between the pistons, the center line of the crankshaft's axis is offset from the cylinders below it, which is a first for BMW. The engine is equipped with twin balancer shafts that reduce vibration. This is a technique that was developed by M43TU. M43TU engine.

Initially, the N43 BMW was having issues with direct injectors as well as ignition coils that failed early due to heat. To prevent this, the N20 featured additional coolant passages surrounding the injectors. The engine came with a revolutionary design of the crankcase's ventilation system, which was an integral part of the valve cover. Hopefully, it'll be less clogged.

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Problems

Because it is a direct-injection engine, the intake valves aren't clean by the fuel. They'll accumulate carbon deposits that need to be removed by taking off the intake manifold every forty-five miles. All GDI engines are affected by this and not only BMWs as it's the cost we pay for less emissions. This is more likely to happen on engines that don't very revved and go on frequent short-term trips.

Turbo engines require high-quality, clean oil to ensure an extended life. Make sure to change the oil prior the recommended intervals from the manufacturer. Pay attention to the level of the oil and do not allow it to fall below the its minimum.

The recall was issued on an oil shortage on the vacuum pumps for brakes. in the absence of this, brake servo assistance can be decreased. Valvetronic engines require an air pump since they do not have a throttle plate, so they don't generate the same amount of vacuum in the intake manifold.

Tuning these engines to boost power isn't an issue, as it's done properly on a road that is paved. Take care of "wonder chips" and miracle power chips sold on eBay.

There are reports of heads breaking due to heat issues when after-market tuners push the limits over the limit, and a limit of 330lb/ft is quoted by a variety of sources as a number that should not be to be exceeded.

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In January of 2015, BMW changed the design of the timing chain in order to fix the issue that was found on certain engines that stretched. It was also an TSB back in the year 2012, to repair the seal of oil to the chain tensioner.

The recall was issued in 2014. the model year 2014 engines because of problems with the fuel pump with high pressure. The nickel plating in the pump wasn't up to the standard required and a problem with the supplier that affects various car makers. The pumps in these engines appear to last longer than the N54/3 litre engines. 

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